Management of pre menstrual syndrome

Management of pre menstrual syndrome This chapter presents a brief account of present study conclusion which is drawn from the findings. The implication is highlighted in various areas- nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. And also it clarifies the limitations, suggestions and gives recommendation for future study. SUMMARY OF THE STUDY The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Nursing Intervention on management of Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) in terms of intensity of symptoms, knowledge and attitude among college girls in a selected educational institution, Salem. Rosenstochs Health Belief Model was selected as conceptual frame work for this study. An evaluative approach, pre experimental one group pre test, post-test was used for the study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples and the samples size was 30. Tools were made from book references, net references and previous experiences of the researcher. Content validity obtained from 5 experts (3 nursing and 2 medical personnel) Reliability of the tool was estimated by split half method for knowledge questionnaire r= 0.82, Likerts scale by split half method r= 0.82, it shows that the tool was reliable. After which a pilot study was conducted among 3 samples. Following that actual data collection was done with the same tool. On day 1, the researcher screened 100 college girls with screening tool to know no. of them experiencing PMS. It revealed that out of 100, 64 of them had PMS, among them 30 of them were recruited as samples as majority of them had 5 or more than 5 symptoms (3 physical and 1emotional and 1 behavioural symptom). Following that from the recruited samples pre-test was done. Demographic data was collected by self report method and intensity of symptoms was assessed using (0-10) Numerical Rating Scale, knowledge was assessed with structure knowledge questionnaire and attitude of PMS was assessed using the 5 points Likerts scale. On the same day researcher taught planned nursing intervention on management of PMS for about 20-30 minutes. A pamphlet was given emphasizing on specific measures of PMS management. Along with that a pocket dairy was given to each individual t o specify the symptoms and their intensity during PMS for consecutive 3 cycles. On 15th day post-test was carried out using the same tools A concise data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY I. Demographic Variables: The analysis shows that 73.33% were in the age group of 21-25 years. Based on family monthly income 53.3%were under the category of 2001 5000 rupees. Those who attained menarche at the age group of 13-14 were 73.34% In regards to food habits 76.67% were non vegetarian. Regarding weight in kg about 73.34% were in the group of 41-60 kilogram Among samples 56.67% of them reported that their sisters had family h/o PMS. 100% says that they dont take own medications During PMS 90%says that they dont take any home remedies II. Findings related to Effective Planned Nursing Intervention: a) Intensity of symptoms: Majority of symptoms experienced by samples were (Abdominal pain, pimples, tiredness, anger, inadequate sleep, anxiety, irritability, low back pain)Least experienced symptoms were (Diff in concentrating, joint pain, calf muscle pain, breast tenderness, headache, nausea, palpitation, mood swing, withdrawal from environment, food craving, swelling of extremities, fever). Description of each symptom which was experienced by more than 10 samples were discussed as follows In pre-test abdominal pain was present for 25 samples among that 36.00% had mild pain, 28.00% had moderate pain, 28.00% had severe pain and 8.00% had intolerable pain. In I cycle abdominal pain was present for 23 samples among them 44.44% had mild pain, 44.44% had moderate pain, and 11.12% had severe pain. In II cycle 22 samples had abdominal pain, among them 45.45% had mild pain, 40.90% had moderate pain 13.64% had severe pain. In III cycle 76.19% had mild pain, 14.29% had moderate pain and 9.52% had severe pain. In pre-test pimples were present for 21 samples among them 50.00% had mild, 35.00% had moderate and 15.00% had severe. In I cycle Pimples were present for 21 samples among them 61.90% had mild, 33.34% had moderate and 4.76% had severe. In II cycle 6.50% had mild, 25.00% had moderate, 5.00% had severe and 5.00% had Intolerable. In III cycle 19 samples had pimples among them 78.95% had mild, 15.78% had moderate and 5.27% had severe. In pre-test tiredness were present for 20 samples among them 40.00% had mild, 60.00% had moderate. In I cycle tiredness were present for 18 samples among them 50.00% had mild, 50.00% had moderate. In II cycle 18 samples had tiredness in that 66.66% had mild, 33.34% had moderate. In III cycle 15 samples had tiredness in that 73.34% had mild, 26.66% had moderate. In pre-test anger was present for 15 samples among them 53.33% had mild, 20.00% had moderate and 26.67% had severe anger. In I cycle anger was present for 13 samples among them 69.24% had mild, 23.07% had moderate and 7.69 had severe. In II cycle 11 samples had anger in that 63.34% had mild, 36.36% had moderate. In III cycle 8 samples had anger in that 50.00% had mild, 50.00% had moderate. In pre-test inadequate sleep was present for 13 samples among them 53.85% had mild, 30.77% had moderate and 15.38% had severe. In I cycle inadequate sleep was present for 11 samples 54.55% had mild, 45.55% had moderate. In II cycle 11 samples had inadequate sleep, among them 54.55% had mild, 45.45% had moderate. In III cycle 100.00% had mild. In pre-test anxiety was present for 12 samples among them 41.67% had mild, 41.67% had moderate and 16.66% had severe. In I cycle anxiety were present for 11 samples among them 36.66% had mild, 63.64% had moderate. In II cycle 36.66% had mild, 63.64% had moderate. In III cycle 9 samples had anxiety among them 22.22% had mild, 55.56% had moderate and 22.22% had severe. In pre-test irritability was present for 11 samples among them 45.45% had mild, 36.37% had moderate and 18.18% had severe. In I cycle irritability was present for 12 samples among them 58.33% had mild, 33.33% had moderate and 8.34% had severe. In II cycle 11 samples had irritability in that 54.55% had mild, 45.45% had moderate. In III cycle 9 samples had irritability in that 88.88% had mild, 11.12% had moderate. In pre-test low back pain was present for 10 samples among them40.00% had mild pain, 10.00% had moderate pain, 30.00% had severe pain and 20.00% had intolerable pain. In I cycle low back pain was present for 10 samples 40.00% had mild pain, 40.00% had moderate pain, and 20.00% had severe pain. In II cycle 10 samples had Low back pain, among them 50.00% had mild pain, 10.00% had Low back pain 40.00% had severe pain. In III cycle 44.44% had mild pain, 11.12% had moderate pain and 44.44% had severe pain. There were significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test level of intensity. The following symptoms have significant difference from pre-test to I cycle; pre-test to III cycle. Hence the alternate hypothesis H1 was accepted. b) Knowledge on management of PMS In pre-test Knowledge scores was 53.34% had inadequate knowledge, 43.33% had moderate knowledge and 3.33% had adequate knowledge. In post-test Knowledge scores was 13.33% had moderate knowledge and 86.67% had adequate knowledge. The overall mean pre-test knowledge was (50.50% with SD 2.49) and ranged 6-15. The overall mean post-test knowledge was (79.65% with SD 1.93) ranged 12-19. The paired t value was significantly higher than the (9.966> t29=2.045)at p t29=2.045)at p

Communication Opinion Paper

Communication Opinion Paper Christine Kendall HCS/320 November 18, 2012 Tralicia Brown Communication Opinion Paper Introduction Effective communication in health care is crucial for health care professionals, the patients and the establishment providing the care. It can mean the difference between life and death. When there is not enough communication within the health care industry, medical care will not be given effectively due to mistakes that will be made when things are not clear.When lives are at stake, effective communication is a must in the health care industry. Effective Communication and its Elements Effective communication involves more than understanding information that is being conveyed. How a person understands and receives a message are two different things therefore understanding feelings, thoughts, wants, and needs are crucial in effective communication (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, 2010). The success of every relationship whether it’s personal or pro fessional relies on a person’s ability to communicate effectively.Becoming a skilled communicator requires learning the elements necessary for effective public speaking, interpersonal relationships, and business relations. The four basic elements of effective communication are sender, receiver, message, and feedback. The first component is the sender/receiver which acts as a transceiver by speaking to someone and receiving nonverbal feedback simultaneously. â€Å"The message is the idea, thought, feeling, or opinion to be communicated† (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, 2010, chap 1).It is important to recognize not only the content of the message, but also the nonverbal communication that you may be sending as well. â€Å"Feedback is the receiver’s response to the message and indicates how the message is seen, heard, and understood, and often how the receiver feels about the message and/or the sender† (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, 2010, chap 1). Elements of Effective Communication and Rules of Health Care Communication Health communication is â€Å"the way we seek, process and share health information† (du Pre, 2005, pg 8).Health communication is based on personal goals, skills, culture, situational factors, and being considerate of other people’s feelings (du Pre, 2005). People are influenced greatly by other people and rely on others to help meet their goals. As du Pre (2005) explains health care providers have many goals such as patient health and showing their knowledge. Patient’s also have many goals when it comes to their health care such as wanting to get better and to be reassured. Whether or not these goals are met is based on effective health communication.Recognizing interdependence and that no one communicates alone has influence on the effectiveness of communication. Being friendly and honest will help others feel comfortable enough to be friendly and honest with you. People who communicat e well are sensitive to other people’s feelings and expectations. This includes listening carefully, being aware of other cultures and their personal preferences. Another example of effective communication in health is recognizing shared meaning. What an action means depends on the people and the circumstances involved† (du Pre, 2005, pg 8). This is usually based on how people respond to each other by smiling, nodding their head, or an angry look. This will let you know how people are responding to your conversation (du Pre, 2005). How to Communicate Candidly Effective interpersonal communication between a patient and a health care provider is one of the most important elements in patient satisfaction, compliance and the outcome of patient health.Despite this acknowledgement of the importance of interpersonal communication, in medical training the subject is not always emphasized. Effective interpersonal communication can lead to the patient offering enough information to lead to a diagnosis, the provider and the client both can discuss an acceptable treatment plan, the client and the provider are both committed to fulfilling their responsibilities during and after treatment (de Negri, Brown, Hernandez, Rosenbaum, & Roter, 2012).The following steps to effective communication and encouraging the client to communicate candidly include: encouraging a two-way dialogue, establishing a partnership between client and consumer, creating a caring atmosphere, bridging any social gaps between provider and client, accounting for social influences, effectively using verbal and non-verbal communication, and allowing the client enough time to tell their story (de Negri, Brown, Hernandez, Rosenbaum, & Roter, 2012). Cultural Differences and CommunicationExcellent cultural communication skills are beneficial to relationships with colleagues, clients, and customers and improve business performance. If challenges and opportunities are handled well when working with p eople from different cultural backgrounds, they can increase productivity, improve performance, innovation, and progress (Kaplan & Cunningham, 2010). There are a few tips when conversing with someone from a different culture which can increase your chances for being understood. These are: Know yourself and your own cultural Context. Read also: â€Å"Advice About Communication†Think about how your culture context impacts your communication style. Know your audience. Some cultures are more direct than others, speaking less verbally and rely more on nonverbal communication. Yes does not always mean yes. Respect English language barriers. When speaking to someone who does not speak English there are tips to make sure that you are being understood. These tips include: speak slower, avoid the use of slang words, take breaks in the conversation and don’t surprise people.Respect your audience and do not judge. Try looking at situations with different cultures as different not right or wrong. Ask questions to make sure they understand. (Kaplan & Cunningham, 2010). Conclusion Due to the fact that when there is not enough communication within the health care industry, medical care will not be given effectively, it is crucial for health care professionals to learn the skills necessary for effective communicati on. It can mean the difference between life and death.

The Benefits of Examples for Essay Topics

The Benefits of Examples for Essay Topics Where to Find Examples for Essay Topics The only rule to follow when selecting a topic for your college essay is to pick the topic you're eager to write about. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. While students may initially enjoy the idea of selecting an essay topic, they soon understand that the determination of essay topic ideas can be somewhat difficult. Try out another topic and do the exact 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know it is easy to write on. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. When prior brainstorming is finished, you might begin drafting your essay. At exactly the same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to locate ready-made essays and use them as an example. Having selected a superior topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. In open-ended essay assignments, picking an essay topic gets crucial to the total success of the bit of writing. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's wise to use a 5-paragraph structure. Up in Arms About Examples for Essay Topics? There are some fundamental rules when you're contemplating deciding on the subject. The primary aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. Naturally, you can pick any topic, nobody could ever know that you're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Very often it becomes hard to choose a single topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. What to Expect From Examples for Essay Topics? If you're looking for college essay examples, here's a great one below. It's therefore important to thoroughly consider different college essay topics. The ideal topic for your essay is one which is aligned with your subject of study. Choosing very good essay topics for middle school must be a careful procedure, where a balance needs to be struck between topics that could be too simplistic, more acceptable for the main school, and choosing argumentative essay topics that might be too intricate or controversial. If you haven't been supplied a prompt to write about, you have to produce your own interesting creative essays. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is important for your general success. The Supreme Approach to Examples for Essay Topics If you prefer excellent paper essay examples, reach out to us here today and we are going to do our very best to supply you with the most suitable support. Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what it is you are likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. The very first step is where a large number of students become stuck. Anothe r reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. For instance, you can opt for a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. All About Examples for Essay Topics As a student you should have the interest to work on a specific topic and excel in the exact same. Explain your commitments, and you are going to be the type of student colleges find immensely attractive. For a student in the center school the usual topics are associated with science and history. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. When you've got a completed outline, you'll have a step-by-step guide that you're able to follow till you are done writing. You may use several examples on the web at no cost. There are several steps which you should take as a way to compose a fantastic essay. So without further ado, be low are some effective writing tips to produce your common app essay stick out! Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Examples for Essay Topics Is Wrong The multiple topics might be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. 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Luckily, you have our top-class group of writers who can assist students and teach them how to select the most suitable essay direction. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. The Ultimate Examples for Essay Topics Trick F. Bacon The main goal of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to guarantee that money causes a better life. 1 important and appropriate subject is technology. Since you can see, a number of the topics listed are new and deal with the present issues happening in the World today. Otherwise, you have to look at a number of the easy compare and contrast essay topics on the many scientific innovations. Though you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to develop so mething to discuss. A distinctive title will capture the interest of the reader and enhance your probability of obtaining a high score. The very best thing is to decide on a topic that will provide you with an opportunity to present new ideas or a fresh perspective on a problem. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. The Hidden Treasure of Examples for Essay Topics If it's necessary to write your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. You need to completely explore the subject and ensure it is personal.

18 Key Thinkers of the Enlightenment