Parental Divorce That Changed My Views About Life Social Work Essays

Parental Divorce That Changed My Views About Life Social Work Essays Parental Divorce That Changed My Views About Life Social Work Essay Parental Divorce That Changed My Views About Life Social Work Essay Parental separation is a very much archived danger factor for a combination of mental difficulties across army life circles. For delineation, surveies have deliberately discovered that youngster from separated from families will in general show higher degrees of nervousness and wretchedness and more prominent by and large mental wellbeing requests than rises to from vital family units. These connections between parental separation and higher degrees of mental maladjustment can be followed into development much after youth factors are taken into history. My Experience She sits with a pencil in her manus and an attentive look all over. She moves in her link and an abrupt newness noticeable radiations up her profile as motivation falls on her. Without inconvenience, she starts shade her life. . . That is me, Hannah Michell. I have lived in Seoul a mind-blowing entirety, with the rejection of the infrequent get-away. What's more, every piece harrowing all things considered now and again, I do nt accept that I would be fairly a similar individual on the off chance that I had grown up somewhere else. To me, who I am and who I will go are extremely of import. Certain occasions follow up on me to get down accepting about my life, and despite the fact that I have non yet truly made sense of who I am, I think I know where I m headed. It s troublesome when individuals ask me which state I like better: England or Korea. I ve carried on with as long as I can remember in Korea being dealt with like a British individual, however in England, individuals ever recognize me as an Asiatic miss. Some of the time I need to quit any pretense of being half of something ; for one time I need to be something entirety. On the different manus, I could neer ever quit any pretense of being either British or Korean. There are distant from everyone else features of the two developments that I significantly appreciate. Over clasp, I have understood that I can, truth be told, be both British and Korean without missing anything. In spite of this awareness and my affection for these two states, I think when I m more established I ll only populate in a completely extraordinary state, for example, Spain, so I can abstain from taking among England and Korea. I live with my female parent, her closest companion Sang-wha, and my female parent s understudy Woo-Joo. My female parent and male parent separated from a couple of mature ages back, and now I m populating with just grown-up females. I as often as possible disdain this understanding. I every now and again connect for a male figure, and in spite of the fact that my male parent is about on ends of the week, it s non the equivalent. My folks separate from greatly affected me. I pulled back from the universe and passed into quiet and times of profound thought regarding such things as affection, life, perish, and myself. These four considerations all appeared to be associated, and I started to bite over to an ever increasing extent. I was fortunate to hold an old buddy who was going through a similar encounter as me. We had numerous discussions about incredible things, and simple I started to see progressively about the life environing me. At this impossible to miss cut, I other than turned out to be truly attracted to nature, for it appeared to hold numerous answers to my requests. In the wake of seting to family unit modifications, I started to focus on my guidance again, which I had ignored. I got my basic guidance at Seoul British School, and I other than headed out to get oning school in England for a twelvemonth. Presently I go to Seoul Foreign School, and I should recognize that I appreciate school life her e. Socially, there are divisions between the Korean students and the outside understudies at school. We spend our trim clasp exclusively on the grounds that we lead such various lives, and it s simpler to go companions with individual who comprehends your human progress. I associate with the outside students since I am increasingly comfortable with their casual, detached disposition. They are quite a lot more tolerating of one s whimsies, while the Korean understudies will in general be progressively conventional. By and by, I do nt trust I could simple go companions with the Korean students regardless of whether I attempted. The solitary thing that fusss me about these divisions, in any case, is the avoidance and sole perspectives among the two gatherings. I trust in affection and amicable relationship. I accept that they are of import, and that without them we would non last. My cordial connections are of import to me and I would head out to extraordinary lengths to help a companion sought after. My dearest companions at the moment are Sooki, Kristin, and Julia. We parcel huge pieces of our lives and have tonss of cheerfulness together. The one amicable relationship that I esteem like no other is with my closest companion Julia. She is clever lovingness, smart, and she says the correct encouraging statements at all the correct occasions. Julia and I talk a clump about adoration. We as often as possible remain up all dull watching sentimental movies and talking them thereafter. We other than talk about our colleagues and our in the future projects. In the great beyond, I would wish to be a creator. I am especially keen on making books and poesy. For the time being, the majority of import thing is my distinction. I have to cognize who I am before I can make out to other people. It is hard to gain to cognize individuals when I do nt really cognize myself. I trust one twenty-four hours I will wake up and out of nowhere perceive who I am with the goal that I can get down to contact different people groups lives. Not only can kids s mental occupations be followed into development, however adults who are gone up against with their folks separate are likewise helpless against mental fights identified with the separation. That is, parental separation after adolescence ( for example , between ages 17 and 31 ) has been related with higher disquiet tonss at age 33 when contrasted and tonss of adults from basic family units ( Furstenberg A ; Kiernan, 2005 ) . Consequently, youthful adults appear non to be safe to mental difficulties just in light of the fact that their folks separate from happened after adolescence. Laumann-Billings and Emery ( 2006 ) made an alone advance of nonclinical degrees of mental hurt ( for example , Painful Feelings about Divorce graduated table ) . They found that strong juvenile adults from separated from family units supported mental hurt focuses identified with their folks separate. These focuses surveyed ideas, for example, on-going sentiments of misfortune and neglecting, apprehension identified with occasions, for example, graduation when the two guardians would be available, and a general sense that life has been more earnestly in view of the separation ( Laumann-Billings A ; Emery, 2006 ) . For what reason do a few children appear to be similarly safe by their folks separate from when different children of separation become settled in separate related fights? Most endeavors to explain this inconstancy have revolved around five hypothetical positions: the loss of the noncustodial parent, the settlement of the tutelary parent, interparental battle, financial affliction, and the aggregate outcome of harrowing life modifications. Results of a meta-investigation have uncovered that the general outcome size for every hypothesis is small, suggesting that these speculations need full logical force. One ground for this unassuming illustrative force may be that every hypothesis centers around a child s introduction to explicit stressors as the instrument liable for that kid s single mental maladjustment. Conversely, get bying hypothesis recommends that the effectivity or inadequacy thereof of an on-going, natural strategy of evaluation and header is identified with mental change not just the presentation to explicit occasions. All the more explicitly, get bying hypothesis expect that individuals are purposive people who effectively look to make and drag out importance in their lives ( Amato, Cheadle, 2005 ) . As individuals work to delay the nations of life from which they determine noteworthiness, they assess life occasions in footings of their relationship to these nations of centrality. Life occasions become stressors when they are seen as undermining, destructive, or questioning to a man s most profound, most significant aspects of life. Because of these stressors, individuals take part in get bying exercises as they work to keep on to their significant items or change these nations of centrality in a way that coordinates the harrowing occasion into their arranging framework or general way of approaching the universe ( Amato, Cheadle, 2005 ) . Distributed examination on get bying hypothesis and parental separation gives off an impression of being restricted to a sprinkling of surveies. Furthermore, they found that dismissing ( negative ) get bying mostly interceded the connection between negative occasions and mental side effects and dynamic ( positive ) get bying directed the nexus between negative occasions and conduct occupations. Sandler, Tein, Metha, Wolchik, and Ayers ( 2006 ) found that comparable connections among dynamic and avoidant header and mental settlement were interceded by get bying effectiveness, which they characterized as the child s conviction that the person has some power over the situation. Take together, these surveies recommended that get bying hypothesis is exceptional for kids s encounters of parental separation. It is non astonishing that similitudes exist among them as the family is the most essential unit in all social orders and separation shingles non simply the establishment of this cultural karyon yet has extensive effect on the rest of society. The grounds most surveies expressed were inadequacy of conveying and common eliteness. The individuals who are unmarried will fear doing the assurance to get hitched if the inclination shows that marriages are ignoring. Kids from broken spots convey cicatrixs of weakness that can affect their ability to hold long haul connections ( Furstenberg A ; Kiernan, 2005 ) . In this manner, it is of import on the one manus to raise a cognizance among the youngster on the achievements expected to hold perpetual marriages, so they do nt get down wedded existence with high viewpoints and a low feeling of obligation and on the different manus cultural p

The comparison between artistic rendering techniques Essay

The examination between imaginative rendering procedures - Essay Example There are a few imaginative rendering that exists; they are liable for deciding how shading is balanced, how the picture can be made increasingly noticeable and whether to make the photograph sensible or unreasonable. It is basic to comprehend that so as to render, one should initially apply various properties, for example, stroke, hues, cutting ways just as examples that will at last characterize the yield. The creative rendering frequently helps when the yield painterly just as aesthetic impacts that takes into consideration imaginative translation (De, 2010). Aesthetic rendering frequently adds surface to the pictures and as a rule it is regularly used to make expressive arts or even now and again hand drawn looks. Shaded pencil can be portrayed as one of the most significant strokes that are helpful in aesthetic rendering. It is regularly exhorted for one to investigate utilizing hued pencil mediums before participate in into significant drawing. The most principal of all hued pencil strokes is the straightforward side to side concealing. With training, the imprints can be kept straight. The hued pencil is significant as it regularly gives an unpleasant cross incubate appearance (De, 2010). It is, in any case, basic to comprehend that one may either choose to side shade or tip conceal contingent upon the impact that is needed. Concealing with the side of the pencil is regularly helpful when one needs to make what can be portrayed as delicate, even conditioned concealing that is grainy. Be that as it may, the tip concealing makes a tonal range that is progressively constrained, truth be told, when one is concealing with the tip of a sharp pencil, one can have the option to accomplish an a lot m ore extravagant and denser layer of shading. Further, with this sort of concealing the grain frequently has all the earmarks of being better. Another style that exists inside the shaded pencil procedure is incubating; this incorporates quickly applying shading and afterward making bearing and surface utilizing the hued pencil (Robins, 2003). Incubating much of the time is frequently utilized one way; in any case, there are times that one can follow the shapes that exist on

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Promoting - Assignment Example they give broad just as selective club encounters and permit the part clients to follow their flight data, reservation status and so forth. Now and then the organization even grades towards giving limited reservation to the chose selective club individuals (Bowman and Gatignon, 2010). English Airways is probably the busiest aircraft over the world. It serves assortment of individuals; chiefly corporate voyagers who make visit ventures out and are faithful to the aviation routes alongside the business explorers the organization even offers types of assistance to different explorers too. All the applications are anything but difficult to use just as permit clients to get to any fundamental data according to their requirements. Different procedures like, booking offices, administration forms are definitely broad and restrictive for all the travelers. For giving a point by point understanding towards the advertising blend the focused on shoppers are fragmented inside two gatherings to which British Airways gives B2C administrations. These fragments are gathering of families who are having small kids (matured somewhere in the range of 18 and 30) and other gathering is over 60+ (single or wedded). English Airways gives assortment of administrations to various portion of clients. It gives trips across various nations and in the various areas situated far and wide, with the best quality flights administrations. English Airways known for its esteemed administrations favored by official class, business class, speed, security, administration offices, alongside long periods of encounters in offering quality types of assistance to all the clients over years. Families incline toward these administrations as they are generally going with youngsters and 60+ matured individuals likewise favor going in comfort. Furthermore, British Airways serv es the key items alongside different decisions of item extends so as to fulfill all age client needs. It has accomplished its norm and consistently attempts to upgrade and change the administration ranges and different offices to make it appropriate for general travelers of all

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purchase custom Military History exposition The main units of the US military confronted the adversary in the Pacific Theater. The Japanese powers coupled their assaults on the Pearl Harbor. This was chiefly by ambushing the American airbases in the Philippines. They utilized air strikes that were damaging in the assault which started on December 22, 1941. The Japanese assault constrained the American on Luzon (James, 1992). General Douglas MacArthur directed the American powers to withdraw from Manila by means of the straight to the BataanPeninsula. The Japanese passageway occurred on the 2-nd of January, 1942. At this point, General Douglas MacArthur had moved his base camp to Corregidor from its previous Manila premises. Japan barricaded the islands making fortifications by the protectors unimaginable. They likewise stepped in with the prevalence noticeable all around, and this circumstance made the safeguarding powers unfit to guard. It is during this time of the weakened circumstance that President Roosevelt told General Douglas A. MacArthur to take order in Australia. He was to lead the unified powers that were in the South West Pacific helped by Brig. Gen. Spencer B. Associated. The bound army was promptly moved to the ruler boat of Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright (James, 1992). MacArthur shaped a gathering called the Bataan group, which fell in April, 1942. The American powers that stayed in Corregidor were under the extreme aeronautical cannons barrage. In the following barely any weeks, this turned into a no keeps an eye on region because of the overwhelming barrage. There were steady bomb and shell assaults, and the wire lines couldn't be kept up attributable to the circumstance. The military armed force moved its home office to the Malinta Tunnel, which was a broad passage that was arranged underground. The passage had an emergency clinic and some machine shops just as storage facilities. This made it simple for them to endure (Russell, 2009). Moreover, they had the option to utilize hypothesis armys radio broadcast while in the passage. It is, in any case, outstanding that a large portion of the military officials had been experiencing numerous maladies and ailing health before the finish of April. The Japanese powers decimated all the safeguard of the Americans. They arrived on Corregidor on the fifth of May, 1942. Wainriaght was made to give up because of the condition of his resistance. The provisions of water and ammo were no terminated. The offcers than became detainees of the Japanese assailants. The American powers attacked Southern Solomons in summer 1942. This measure was intended to prevent the Japanese powers from confining correspondence among America and Australia. The Japanese acknowledged the arrival, yet they later fought back fiercely. The soldiers prompted enormous fights, which were on air, in land, and even in the ocean. The military later dedicated two divisions in Guadalcanal. In December, 1942, they showed up and did hostile tasks that were propelled in January 1943. Atlantic/European/North African Theaters The Signal Corps was associated with an extraordinary battle in North Africa. The United States armed force took its first activities to attack Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. This was an all-encompassing hostile activity. These were then the provinces of the French government. General Dwight D. Eisenhower went about as a general leader of the military. He was American in nature, yet his staff comprised of American and British officials. The central official was an American called Brig. Gen. Jerry V Matejka. The American units, in any case, shaped the greater part of the power that was assaulting (Roscoe, 1949). At the inception of the assault, the correspondence community was situated at the Rock of Gibraltar. On November 8, 1942, the American and British a powers framed activity TORCH. The Signal Corps was accused of the considerable tests up until this point (Folly, 2002). It framed an unmistakable organization whose job was to deal with the shore party interchanges. The maritime gunfire thumped numerous shipboard radios. The partners at this stage demonstrated that they needed involvement with each part of fighting. The British appeared to be better versed even with correspondence, and in many occasions, they rushed to start to lead the pack. They had shortage of vehicles, and this made the transportation be delayed in this area. The sign device were additionally useless. The sign work force were likewise not all around prepared to deal with the contraption. In North African experience, a significant number of the troopers were climbed from the novices into the veterans. There was another development in the theater (Eliot, 1988). The Signal Corps had the option to beat its issues in North Africa; it added to the battles that were succeessful until they finished in 1943. It got a relentless triumph in Tunisia in 1943. The corps had a focal job of planning the air ground and the ocean tasks of all the associated powers. It along these lines got acknowledgment from the units (Folly, 2002). In December 1941, Germany and Italy pronounced that they would wage the war with the Americans. The Jews who lived in Europe were the principle focuses in the war. Hitlers different targets included Slavs, Poles, and Gypsies. Sicily was likewise attacked trying to make the Mediterranean a protected ground for partnered transporting. This constrained the Italians out of the war and redirected the Egyptians from the Russian front. The corps utilized all the exercises that were found out in Africa (Buchanan, 1964). The worldwide Magna Carta of all men all over the place. We trust its decree by the General Assembly will be an occasion tantamount to the announcement of the Declaration of the Rights of Man by the French individuals of 1789, the selection of the Bill of Rights by the individuals of the United States, and the appropriations of practically identical at the various occasions in different nations It is additionally essential to take note of that Roosevelt was the part and administrator of the commission that spoke to the countries assorted variety which included-: Belgium, Australia, china, Byelorussia, France Egypt, Iran, India, Panama, Lebanon, Ukraine, Philippines, United States, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, and USSR (Meade and Wiesner-Hanks 27). Eleanor Roosevelt and different designers who were talented who for since quite a while ago had been close by shared her soul of council of UNESCO. For a range of one year she endeavored to draft the archive. She was helped by other talented researchers. In spite of part of protests from political and philosophical contentions, singular chief felt the requirement for it and at long last contributed by setting aside philosophical and individual contrasts. The ideological contrasts frequently remained in transit of the commission on human rights, and along these lines the sharp relations between the west and the east made things hard for the commission (Fredrickson 72). It will be recollected that Eleanor Roosevelt with a ton of assurance figured out how to persuade various government organization to embrace the Universal Declarations and join it in their economics. Purchase custom Military History exposition

Life Is Unfair An Idea of Fairness

Life Is Unfair An Idea of Fairness Our Distorted Concept of Fairness Makes Us Feel Life Is Unfair Home›Research Posts›Our Distorted Concept of Fairness Makes Us Feel Life Is Unfair Research PostsIf you have problems in life, you tend to put blame on life circumstances considering them unfair. The matter is that the laws our life is governed by differ from what we usually think of them. Once you are able to learn these laws, you will learn how to live a happy life.Law ? 1: Competitive struggle is the life synonymIt is difficult to realize, but we are constantly competing to be noticed and recognized. Everything is measured in the degrees of comparison: more, better, faster, or greater. It is not a pleasant idea, but it is true. Otherwise children would never be taught to go on despite challenges.Our world happens to be civilized enough not to let us kill each other in order to become more successful. It provides us with endless opportunities and eventually it is up to us to use them or not.So, the first step to wi n is to realize that you are competing to win and go for it.Law ? 2. These are your deeds and not your words that define youThe members of any community or society are judged by the extent of their contribution to it and by how they can be valuable for any other member of it. Our own idea of ourselves is quite different. We think that we are what we think about ourselves. The matter is that we are dramatically differ from what other people do think of us. Telling yourself you are a brave or a good person does not necessarily mean who you really are. The real value comes with the answer to the question: How have I contributed to the society? And the real recognition of your value comes with the number of those you have had an impact on.The idea of this is painful and difficult to accept. But real rules of life are such. If you learn to accept them, you will never feel treated unfairly again.Law ? 3. We bring up the concept of life fairness ourselvesWe have been taught what right or w rong is since childhood, and we tend to believe that life is governed by the same concepts. Reality is different. Studying hard does not always guarantee succeeding in your exams. Working long hours might not be the first step to getting promoted. After having failed despite the efforts, we accuse our life of being unfair. But it has nothing to do with our failure; it is our distorted idea of what is fair which is to blame. People are not bad or unfair to us, they just have different attitudes, experiences, and feelings.Change your attitudesYou have to realize that the idea of overall universal fairness is a real dystopia. Life cannot be fair or unfair to everyone. You have to change your attitude to it and face the reality. This will allow you to understand the world. The real understanding of the world is the key to your happiness and success.

Chris Stevens, Not Your Average B-School Prof

Chris Stevens, Not Your Average B-School Prof by: Andrea Carter on February 28, 2018 | 0 Comments Comments 2,958 Views February 28, 2018When you talk to University of Notre Dame’s Chris Stevens, it becomes crystal clear why students adore him as a professor. Somewhere between the booming — yet distinctly calm — voice and his words that seem carefully chosen so that he can deliberately leave you feeling inspired, the Mendoza College of Business professor is the walking epitome of the phrase â€Å"positive vibes only.† The adjunct professor of management oozes with positivity and enthusiasm that become contagious within moments of coming into contact with him.Professor Stevens, a 1974 graduate of Notre Dame, returned to campus to teach after four decades as a successful businessman. But he’s not just any businessman. Stevens helped develop and launch an innovation of single serve coffee options better known today as Keurig. He was one of three or iginal founders to launch the product back in 1996. When the company was bought out and its new owners sought to pursue more long-term growth, Stevens stayed on as head of sales, overseeing all of Keurig’s sales, marketing, and branding strategies. ‘EVERYONE WANTS TO TAKE PROFESSOR STEVENS’After what he calls a â€Å"good run† in business, Stevens returned to Notre Dame in 2013 because he wanted to do two things: â€Å"Help students to not make the same stupid mistakes I made and to follow their dreams,† he says.However, â€Å"Be careful what you wish for,† says Stevens who became a full-time Mendoza faculty member in last year. In other words, you just might get your wish and then some. His mission to help students follow their dreams and avoid the pitfalls of leadership has made him one of Mendoza’s most popular professors. Since joining Mendoza, he has taught undergrads, MBAs, executive MBAs, and in the university’s ESTEEM pr ogram (Engineering, Science, and Technology Entrepreneurship Excellence Masters). This semester, he’s teaching two sections of a Principles of Management course, with over one hundred students enrolled in each. For a professor like Stevens who puts his all into impacting each student individually, teaching this many students at once is no small feat.But the desire to be inspired is not all it takes for hundreds of students to rush to sign up for a course. Students say he brings an authenticity and sincerity to the job and that’s what makes him so highly favored.â€Å"Everyone wants to take Professor Stevens. He’s one of the most popular professors on campus,† says Ryan Kempin, a sophomore currently taking the Principles of Management course. â€Å"He really has a vested interest in each student’s life. On the first day of class, he knew every kid’s name without meeting them before and their hometowns. It’s really incredible. Heâ€⠄¢s a professor, for sure, but he’s also a friend.† So how does he do it? Well, knowing everyone’s names and faces on the first day of class comes from their first assignment — due two weeks before class starts.A FIRST DAY OF CLASS TO REMEMBERâ€Å"The sooner I can get to know the students, the better. Whether it’s a master’s class of 30 or an undergraduate course with 125 students in each class, it’s important — right from the get-go — to let them know I care about them, Stevens explains. So, I say, ‘Tell me about you, your goals, your dreams, your passions.’ They talk to me. I try to memorize their faces and names. Then on the first day, I throw all of their faces up on the board. It kind of freaks some of them out, but overall I think they enjoy it.†Handwritten thank-you letters from former students to Mendoza professor Chris StevensEvery student also gets a gift on the first day. â€Å"It’s a book called 5: Where Will You Be Five Years from Today? by Dan Zadra, Stevens says. When I was in college, I didn’t know where I wanted to be in five minutes. I try to get them to think about the direction their headed and where they aspire to go. So at the end of the first day of class I give them that gift.†It’s also what takes place beyond the first day that makes Stevens such a sought after professor in the business college. Besides memorizing names and handing out books of inspiration, he indulges in other unconventional teaching methods that all revolve around ethical and kind leadership.One such break from the mold is class service days. The night before a class is scheduled to meet, students get a surprise in their email inboxes instructing them not to come to class, but instead to go out into the community and to help someone. â€Å"Kids go around and pick up trash, make food for their dorm, drive around and give food to those who may be homeless, or they have an interaction right on the street corner with someone like Daniel,† Stevens says. Daniel is a local well-known developmentally disabled man who regularly positions himself at a street corner a few miles away from campus.â€Å"They write a paragraph of what they did and the experience becomes part of who they are,† Stevens continues.Another way he inspires good works is to have students raise money for a person or organizational cause. Currently, students are crowdfunding for a 15-year-old survivor of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Florida. ‘BEING A GREAT LEADER IS NEVER ABOUT YOU’In essence, ethical leadership is a way of life for Stevens. He uses his experiences from the business world — good and bad — to impart it on his students.â€Å"My first experience in business was with Proctor and Gamble in sales where there was great leadership and structure in place. I learned from that,† Stevens says.  "Then, when I was president of Anheuser-Busch, I was placed in a position negotiating with labor unions. Because management hadn’t treated unionized workers like other employees, I was entering into a hostile environment. Helping them feel included and turning it around was key to my role there.â€Å"What I try to teach students is that being a great leader is never about you, it’s about building an organization because it’s the organization that builds the business.†Another one of Stevens’ most popular mantras is that business creates the wealth of the world, but that there’s more to the world than wealth.â€Å"Professor Stevens teaches us that business creates wealth of world and we can use it to enrich the world — to use it for greater good, Kempin says. Business isn’t just the greedy line of work with the negative connotation that people typically think of — big CEOS with huge payouts and things like that.â€Å"I g uess it’s technically a management class we’re in,† Kempin continues. â€Å"But he’s trying to make us the best leaders possible so we can go into the real world holding corporate positions and making decisions.† A BASKETBALL STAR’S RETURN TO NOTRE DAMEStevens says it’s been nothing but fulfilling to return to Notre Dame where he studied economics and played basketball (during his senior year, he played on the team that put an end to an 88-game winning streak held by Notre Dame’s rival UCLA).Professor Chris Stevens greets students during graduation ceremonyThe results of being a friend, professor, and even sometimes a sounding board for students’ entrepreneurial ideas has left a lasting imprint on many. From handwritten thank-you notes to jumping out of line for hugs during graduation, students’ gratitude is one of the many rewards Stevens is now reaping as a business school instructor.He also speaks highly of the Notre Dame and Mendoza community as a whole.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Being with the other faculty members here, I’ve learned so much from them, Stevens says. There are people from all backgrounds; some industry, some education, some both. To be back on campus and interact with them is such a thrill for me.â€Å"I’m blessed to have a chair in Craig Crossland and co-chair Wendy Angst. They are true leaders, continues Stevens. The chair sends out a weekly note related to accomplishments within the management department, he gathers people socially. That’s what great leaders do. It’s all about trust.† Stevens is also proud to be co-leading a new effort on campus called the Inspired Leadership Initiative, a one-year program to help retired and accomplished leaders to discern inspiration for their next phase in life. While he isn’t too fond of the grading aspect of professorship (says grading should be pass/fail instead of labeling students with letter grades), Stevens says the Notre Dame experience is not much different than when he was a student.â€Å"Opportunities and facilities are greater than back in those days and the university has invested heavily in becoming one of the greater forces for good around the world, but it’s the same place in terms of value and quality of people, Stevens says. It’s only different because of resources.†DONT MISS: MENDOZA STUDENTS CROWDFUND FOR FLORIDA SHOOTING VICTIM  and  POETSQUANTS TOP 40 UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS PROFESSORS Page 1 of 11

Low Wage Social Dumping - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1732 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Tags: Minimum Wage Essay Did you like this example? Group 3 LOW WAGE SOCIAL DUMPING PREPARED BY: Shams Baiani Hsin-Yun Chen Sreekrishna Gourneni Hemanth Jayaram Yu-Wen Kao Dhaval Shah Darshit Trivedi Prepared in the partial fulfillment for the requirement of course IMS 6204 – 556 GLOBAL BUSINESS Fall 2010 Dr. Habte Woldu September 14, 2010 ? DEFINITION What is Dumping? Dumping is generally used in the context of international trade law, where dumping is defined as the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home market or is below its costs of production. What is Social Dumping? Social dumping† is defined as a term (with a negative connotation) that is used to describe a temporary or transitory movement of labor, whereby employers use workers from one country or area in another country or area where the cost of labor is usually more expensive, thus saving money and potentially increasing profit. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Low Wage Social Dumping" essay for you Create order Social Dumping refers to an unfair advantage in international trade. It results from differences in direct and indirect labor costs, which constitute a significant competitive advantage for enterprises in one country, with possible negative consequences for social and labor standards in other countries. 6] TYPES OF SOCIAL DUMPING 1. Social Dumping a. Social dumping is the process whereby a transnational organization shifts production from a country with relatively high-employment costs to a country with lower costs. b. Examples of Social Dumping are Production of Shoes by Nike in the third world countries. 2. Product Dumping a. The act of a Manufacturer/firm in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home markets or below its costs of production. b. Exporting Products that are considered illegal in one country to another country where it’s not illegal. . Examples for Product Dumping are Japanese Automobile s sold in United States, Baby Pacifiers exported by United States that cause choking problems. 3. Environmental Dumping a. Environmental dumping is the practice of Trans frontier shipment of waste (household waste, industrial/nuclear waste, etc. ) from one country to another. b. Examples Ship Dismantling in India. 4. Cultural Dumping a. Cultural Dumping is the unfair competition caused by cultural barriers aiding local firms. b. Examples: Long working hours by Indian IT professionals working in United States. 5. Financial services dumping . Fianancial Services dumping is the unfair competition because of country’s low capital/asset ratio. b. Exports due to low exchange rates. CAUSES FOR SOCIAL DUMPING Technology – Technological innovations, particularly in the field of information and communication, have played and still do play a central role without doubt. The Internet represents a symbol for globalization in many respects. Transport – The enormous increase in trade as a further central element of commercial globalization results the fact that transport costs have sunk rapidly, and goods can be transported more quickly. End of the Cold War – The end of the Cold War is also frequently named as a cause. Whereas the world was divided up into two camps during the East-West conflict, this separating influence crumbled in the years following 1989/90 following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The former Eastern Bloc countries have opened their borders to the world market. [4] Global Problems – Global problems have played a central role, above all at a conscious level. The presence of â€Å"one world stores† in the highly developed industrial nations is not the only evidence of this. Liberalization – Globalization critics in particular, such as the ATTAC network, continually point out that we are not dealing with an inevitable process, but that globalization, in essence, is more the result of deregulation policies under the leadership of the USA since the Second World War. Without the liberalization of world trade within the framework of GATT or the WTO, these developments would, in fact, have been unthinkable. [1] EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL DUMPING 1974 – 1980:– US congress under pressure from Labor unions had included a provision requiring President to raise subjects of ‘Fair Labor Standards’ in the GATT framework. Same time European countries suggested minimum labor standards be included to provide tariff preference and financial aid to the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. 1980 – 1990:– Added social clause for labor in textile and chemical industries. Protection of human minded groups against human right but the developed nation won’t be able to compete with the low wage of the developing nations and use the political powers to lower the standards. They referred this to as the ‘race to the bottom’. But there can be no race to the bottom without any domestic distortions and constraints on tax subsidiary. Another similar concept they came across was ‘psychological spillovers’. [5] 1990s – The difference in hourly wages of the EU nations: Germany $26 and Portugal $5. U. S and UK have good and healthy working conditions and not child or forced labor but with low employment protection such as layoff restriction, minimum wages, unemployment benefits etc. In late 90’s almost 5 million workers lost their jobs due to corporate recruiting and they were compelled to take a lower wage job. Pay cuts of 30% and 55% with a lower pay option led to the new public policy amongst workers. [3] Present situation – firms in high – labor ountries will be free to relocate their operations strengthening their work force and exert downward pressure on the wages and working conditions. Employment totals more than 150 million with almost 2million people changing the job on a monthly basis. As per OECD, U. S has the highest reemployment factor of 2. Future situation â⠂¬â€œ By 2015, roughly 3. 4 million business – processing jobs for U. S firms will be performed abroad. INTERNATIONAL TRADE What’s international trade? International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. Globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a great impact on the international trade system. [15] International trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in other factors of production, such as capital and labors. The year since the Second World War, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was the only multilateral instrument governing international trade from 1948 until the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995. [14] Take two free trade agreements NAFTA and EU for example. Close economic integration between the US and Mexico borders, Mexico supplies cheap labor but with lax enforcement of health, safety, and environmental standards. United States supplies the consumer market and derives the profit but facing further wage cuts and the unemployment. And EU on the other hand, there are indeed significant differences among EU countries in wages and fringe benefits. Employers in high wage countries are broadly supportive of the Social Charter, which aims to counteract social dumping via long-term upward harmonization† of labor standards and social policies. What’s next? Aroused by the issue, anti-dumping measures are regarded as a solution for many people. A more comprehensive answer to the question of social dumping will have to take into account other factors in the investment location decision, such as education and skill levels, infrastructural development, land costs, transportation costs, and the particular costs of multinational operations. [16] RECENT TRENDS AND EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL DUMPING Social dumping has come into existence since the beginning of industrialization and has increased geometrically since the advent of globalization. The lower wages in a different part of the country or in a different country, lack of proper enforcement of human rights and employee rights have made social dumping to appear attractive to producers as it provides an opportunity for maximizing profits. The recent trends in social dumping can be divided into two sections. Trends in labor standards: 1)Recently with the exposure given by the media, and the rising awareness by consumers about the low (or absent) labor standards, companies have resorted to creating a better image for themselves by providing better living conditions to the workers. 8] 2)In addition to pressure from the consumer organizations like ECE (Evaluation Committees of Experts) has been enforcing the bills being passed such as International Development and Finance. [9] 3)The host nations are bringing laws into effect that would prevent their labor force from being exploited. Foreign companies have to follow a set of laid out rules to operate in their country. [12] Trends in operating procedures: 1)The very objective that companies are achieving by moving the production works to low wage regions is â€Å"higher profits†. Despite all the exposure and the laws preventing over exploitation of labor, producers have somehow not decreased their profit margins. [6] 2)Producers have moved to countries where labor standards are more flexible and labor is cheaper. It was considered that relocating and training the new staff was more cost effective than continuing in a region with high restrictions. FUTURE OF SOCIAL DUMPING Increased labor immigration has led to problems with social dumping in some industries. Social dumping is deemed to be present both if foreign employees are subject to breaches of health, safety and working environment regulations and if they are paid wages that are unacceptably low. The Government’s action plan against social dumping contains measures that are intended to contribute to the necessary regulations being put in place and to ensure compliance with the regulations. Dealing with foreign labor in accordance with the rules and preventing social dumping are significant factors in this. 11] [7] By development of economics rather than trade sanction, the standard for labor will be promoted and social dumping will be eased. The problem of social dumping is the product based on capital market derived from the uneven development of globalized economics. Therefore, the solution for social dumping must be proceeding in the overall framework of globalization. [13] REFERENCES 1. Product dumping, labor dumping its all the same https://wistechnology. com/articles/4 068/ 2. Dumping https://www. authorstream. om/Presentation/Docker-315709-dumping-20101-kashif-business-finance-ppt-powerpoint/ 3. Environmental dumping https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Environmental_dumping 4. https://www. guardian. co. uk/politics/2009/feb/03/trade-unions-lindsey-strikes 5. https://www. amicustheunion. org/pdf/ 6. NECC%20Social%20Dumping%20February%202004. pdf 7. https://www. eurofound. europa. eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/socialdumping. htm 8. https://www. voxeu. com/index. php? q=node/213 9. https://ec. europa. eu/trade/tackling-unfair-trade/trade-defence/anti-dumping/index_en. tm 10. https://trade. ec. europa. eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_129812. pdf 11. https://www. antidumpingpublishing. com/ 12. https://www. regjeringen. no/en/dep/aid/topics/The-working-environment-and-safety/social-dumping. html? id=9381 13. https://www. eurofound. europa. eu/eiro/2010/03/articles/dk1003031i. html 14. https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wiki 15. Jou rnal article by Sheldon Friedman; Challenge, Vol. 35, 1992 p. 27 16. Journal article by Christopher L. Erickson, Sarosh Kuruvilla; Industrial Labor

The Dual Nature of the Progressive Era Essay - 1322 Words

The Dual Nature of the Progressive Era One common misconception is to view the Progressive movement as a unified core of reform-minded crusaders dedicated to improving the social welfare of American society. While this viewpoint is not entirely incorrect, it is only a partial and thereby misleading assessment of the movement that categorized the early part of the nineteenth-century. What some may fail to appreciate is the duality of the period-the cry for social welfare reforms juxtaposed against the demand for optimum efficiency through scientific controls. Theoretically the two movements were compatible in nature, and under certain circumstances, perhaps even mutually dependent upon one another. One could argue that only a†¦show more content†¦The humanitarian wanted to use government to pass stronger health and safety regulations; they saw science as a means to eradicate poverty and disease, and as professionals they sought to bring social order through the uplifting of the oppressed. They were the champions of educational programs for the immigrant, social welfare programs for the impoverished and improved health care for both. As humanitarians they sought to promote orderliness by investing in Americas greatest resource-its children. In contrast, the proponents of scientific management wanted to use the government to impose order through an interlocking pattern of rigid rules and laws. As engineers they too saw science as the panacea for the nations ills; however, their vision was one of a scientifically planned community, free of wasteful spending and unnecessary expenditures. 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Kristens Cookie Company - 1359 Words

Kristen s Cookie Company Kristen s Cookie Company is a good example where the success or failure of the company depends directly on the process planning adopted by the company, i.e., the company can maximize its productivity by utilizing its resources effectively. One major aspect of process analysis is to identify the major bottlenecks in the process and trying to mitigate their effects with least possible level of costs and resources. The following flowchart shows the overall process adopted by the company: (Exhibit 1) Filling a rush order: Process Resource(s) Process Time Cumulative Time Consumed Taking Order E-mail 0 minutes 0 minutes Washing and Mixing Self 6 minutes 6 minutes Filling Tray Self 2 minutes 8 minutes Preparing†¦show more content†¦So, if labor cost is Rs. 20 per hour, we get the following costs distribution: Order size Labor Time Cost Cost per Dozen 1 dozen 12 Rs. 4.00 Rs. 4.00 2 dozen 17 Rs. 5.66 Rs. 2.83 Thus, cost per dozen of labor is decreasing. 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Human Resource Management At China And Japan - 1289 Words

â€Å"Fifth wheel employees are those who are a result of the mistake made by the human resources wing, i.e. by recruiting wrong person to the wrong job just to fill in the vacancy and then expect better performance. Further such an employee is unable to put in his best and is just an additional mass available within the organization.† ― Henrietta Newton Martin. Human Resource Management is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment, management and providing direction to people working in the organization. HRM has become a core and an integral part of any organization and is vital to success. In this paper we will be looking at practices in China and Japan and comparing their different approaches to Human Resource†¦show more content†¦Due to this ‘iron rice bowl’ philosophy there is enormous social pressure on State Owned Enterprises to keep surplus workers, or to reject new qualified employees in order to keep their existing e mployees. Since, the entrance of foreign enterprises in China, SOE employees are attracted to foreign firms because of personal development through training as well as better pay packages and working environment. Foreign enterprises in China face challenges such as high training and development cost of employees and adhering to the labour laws of China. The employee turnover rate in China was 18.5% in 2010 for privately owned companies. Few of the reasons cited by employees for jumping ship are: Better compensation package, better career opportunity, better training and development, better benefits and company has better chance of success (EUSME, 2015). The Chinese system can still be classified as bureaucratic and rigid. In order for employees to join foreign companies their personal files need to be released by their current work units or employers, which causes hindrance and leads to wastage of time and resources. Joint ventures between foreign enterprises and SOE’s are overstaffed and leads to opportunity cost of having better and more skilled employees. Foreign organizations usually overspend on their HR and training budget because training and development is a powerful motivator for employees in China. Using connections or networks in order to land a job for

Islamic Banking In Saudi Arabia Free Essays

string(260) " important of the characteristics mentioned above is that Islamic financial institutions should not involve under any circumstances, an element or a transaction based on Riba \(interest\), because the Islamic Financial system centers on interest-free banking\." INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC BANKING: GENERAL OVERVIEW: It has been conceptualized that Islamic Banking refers to a financial system that is in parity with the fundamental Islamic concepts and highlight the values prevalent in the religion of Islam. These values are a pre-defined in a code of conduct called the Shariah Law that governs the Islamic way of life and. Sharia Law is influenced by the teachings in the Quran (the holy scripture followed by Muslims) and the Sunnah (teachings of the last Prophet), and is consistently practiced in all Islamic economies around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic Banking In Saudi Arabia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sharia Law, on a general level, instructs individuals to abstain from the concept of fixed payment while simultaneously refraining from conventional banking policies and instruments that have elements of interest. Islamic law instructs its followers to avoid using interest (known as Riba) along with all classifications of conventional banking practices that are considered unethical. Therefore, business practices that are contrary to the principles of Sharia Law are termed as Haraam (forbidden). In essence, the concept of Islamic Banking differs from conventional banking system as it forbids the use of interest and relies on the transactions that are based upon tangible goods and real, measurable services. (1,2) HISTORICAL VIEW OF ISLAMIC BANKING: Historically, the use of interest was present in ancient Middle Eastern societies, imposed on the poor by the rich. However, with the spread of Islam, the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah introduced a novel financial system that freed all citizens of interest (Riba) and introduced equal rights for all. Through the use of the Sharia Law in commencing businesses and transactions, various communities in the Middle Eastern region prospered and grew into an immense trading arena. Moreover, through the popularity of the Islamic banking system because of its attractive outcomes, the application and use of it spread worldwide and can now be found implemented in many western societies. (1,3) Before 1950s, Muslims strived and succeeded in giving way to a financial system that didn’t use interest to gather capital for business transactions (5,7). The evolution of contemporary Islamic banking system can be traced back to the 20th century, when Ahmad El Najjar from Egypt, built its basic foundation by introducing a system of savings based on ‘profit-sharing’. In 1963, a number of Egyptian banks applied the profit-sharing system by investing in local trade and industry, and shared the profits with the depositors. The Egyptian community discovered sound success during the years implementing Islamic financial system, aiding to the economy’s success. Although the return of profit is relatively slower in Islamic banking, bankers found the conventional financial system more attractive as it returned higher profit returns through the use of interest. Therefore, when conventional banking surfaced in many Middle Eastern societies, it quickly rose to great p opularity for businesses and investors. However, as the conventional system solely depended on interest-bearing activities, many scholars of Sharia Law dismissed it as prohibited according to the religion of Islam. (4,6) From the period of 1950 to 1960, Muslim scholars got together in order to formulate a banking system that would be free from interest and would be based on the fundamental principles of Islam. This resulted in the formation of a model known as present day Islamic banking, which was based on two concepts. Firstly, they established profit and loss sharing contracts, known as Mudarabah; and secondly the concept of Wakalah, an investment account in an Islamic bank that would earn a flat fee for investors. (3) Keeping this model in mind, the countries of Egypt and Malaysia were the first to produce Islamic financial institutions that were non-interest based. In 1971, Nasir Social Bank was established in Egypt that was essentially declared as ‘an interest-free commercial bank’. Later in the 1970s due to the booming oil revenues from the Middle Eastern countries, small commercial banks sprang up as they competed for the surplus funds amidst the growing popularity of no-interest banking (4,8,10). United Arab Emirates introduced the first commercial bank that was a result of private enterprise, established in 1974. This was followed by the establishment of an international financial institution by the name of Islamic Development Bank in 1975 in the city of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. (5) The 1980s saw rapid growth of the Islamic banking industry. One of the major developments in this period was the establishment of the Islamic Training Institute by IDB, which invested on research and development of conceptual and theoretical applications of the Islamic Banking principles. Countries like Bahrain and Malaysia supported the advent of such a system and promoted Islamic banking. This move was followed by the conversion of the banking systems to non-interest institutions in countries such as Iran, Pakistan and Sudan (3,10). Due to the phenomenal growth witnessed by other financial institutions, conventional banks began introducing Islamic windows in their institutions by offering Islamic products such as Mudarba and Musharaka, which are described later on in the report (7). In the 1990s the growth that was witnessed earlier steadied, as governments and lawmakers were attracted by the propositions of this banking system. Through increased development in the Islamic financial system, different innovative products and services were introduced. Islamic insurance, known as Takaful, was introduced along with the introduction of Islamic equity funds (2,3,8). In the contemporary world, the Islamic banking system has established itself across the world and got is recognized as a major banking system in both western and eastern societies around the world. (4) WHAT IS ISLAMIC BANKING? There are certain defining characteristics that separate an Islamic financial institution from a interest-based conventional system. Firstly, Islamic financial system shares the risk of investment that translates into sharing the risk of ownership concurrently (1). Secondly, Islamic banking is based on real assets and transactions that have a certain economic purpose (2,3). Thirdly, Islamic financial system grants that fairness should be guaranteed in the execution of the agreements so that there are no dubious terms and conditions for every party involved (6). The most important of the characteristics mentioned above is that Islamic financial institutions should not involve under any circumstances, an element or a transaction based on Riba (interest), because the Islamic Financial system centers on interest-free banking. You read "Islamic Banking In Saudi Arabia" in category "Essay examples" (3) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: In order to understand the growth and development of the Islamic banking model, we need to evaluate the extent of reach of the current Islamic banking system. Islamic financial institutions have now engulfed several Muslim countries across the globe, and have begun establishing roots in many western societies. An eminent example is of the Islamic windows present in HSBC by the name of Amanah, as well as Standard Chartered Sadi in the UK. Figure 1: Geographic Breakdown of Islamic Assets Recent studies have established that Islamic assets have increased by 15% per annum over the past two decades (5,6). This is because Islamic economists have modeled current financial products offered by Islamic banks by adapting on to the much demanded conventional banking products to cater to and fulfill the consumer’s needs. However, they have successfully altered them to avoid the use of interest and comply with the fundamental aspects of Sharia Law. (5,9) The current global picture of the position of Islamic banking sector is very promising. Assets under the Islamic banking management would soon cross the 1 trillion dollar mark for the very first time in 2012 (3,6,9). In 2011, the assets were valued at 840 billion dollars, which was preceded by the asset value of 400 billion dollars in 2009 (4). This shows a remarkable growth of 100% in the year 2011 and a further 25% growth in 2012. (8,11) Table 1: Total Volume of Sharia Complaint Assets in USD Currently, there are 300 banks and financial institutions across 50 countries that offer Islamic financial services to its consumers (1,11). Economists’ have made predictions for the unparalleled growth and demand for the Islamic banking system, forecasting a growth rate of 15% to 20% annually for the next eight to ten years (5,8). According to these statistics, the growth in the Islamic Financial sector is set to achieve a 4 trillion dollar mark from 2020 to 2022. (3,9) ISLAMIC BANKING PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE ISLAMIC BANKING: Following are the key financial instruments applied in Islamic banking. Some of them may seem duplicate to many products offered by conventional banks, however, they differ through the basic concept of interest-free banking that are governed by Sharia Law. (3, 7, 10) Mudharabah Mudharabah is an agreement usually established between a capital provider and an entrepreneur, who will invest the amount in his business. Any profits generated would be shared in a pre-determined ratio, while losses incurred are borne solely by the provider of capital. This whole process of profit sharing will continue till the point that the loan is repaid. Musharakah Musharakah is usually confused with Mudarabah as the concepts are quite overlapping. Under Musharakah, partners provide different capitals to invest in their business. The profits generated are shared according to a pre-determined ratio; however, the losses suffered are shared according to the ratio of equity participation. Murabahah Under this financial instrument, goods are sold keeping in mind a certain profit margin that is agreed by both parties involved in the transaction. Every detail regarding the possible transaction should be elucidated to the purchaser, such as the selling price, purchase price and the profit margin. Murabahah is a fixed income loan that is used for buying assets with a profit margin involved. Wadiah and Hibah Wadiah is an arrangement where the bank is deemed as the â€Å"safe keeper† of the funds deposited, until the depositor wishes to withdraw the amount. In such an arrangement, the bank, at its own discretion, might use these funds to invest in businesses. By doing so, the bank will provide the depositor a certain amount for the use of their funds. Hibah refers to the same procedure; however, the capital comes from savings accounts held by consumers in an Islamic banks. Qardhul Hassan Qardhul Hassan is a loan that is extended on the basis of goodwill to the debtor where no interest is charged. The debtor is only to pay back the initial amount of the loan, without any added interest. In this situation, the debtor, in his pure appreciation of the bank’s services, can provide back an extra deposit at his own discretion without promising for it in the beginning. Takaful Takaful is referred to as Islamic insurance, based on the underlying concept of mutual cooperation and bearing each other’s burdens. In a Takaful agreement, the policyholders pay a certain premium to each other and in return share the profits made by businesses in which their funds have been invested in. Wakalah Wakalah is a term similar to a power of attorney. It is applied within the operations of Islamic banking where one person appoints another person to be his representative, bestowing on him the power to take transactions their behalf. Sukuk Sukuk refers to a bond that is issued with no interest charged on it. Thus, they are in accordance to the injunctions of Islam where the basic concept is the interest of ownership by the investor or the bondholder. Ijarah Ijarah refers to lease, wage or rent. In application to Islamic banking principles, it is the arrangement where the benefit of using a certain product is provided for a fixed charge. The bank would make available the asset or the service for a consumer to use, which they are to pay a certain fixed amount as rent until they continue using it. ISLAMIC BANKING IN KSA: ECONOMIC HISTORY: Saudi Arabia enjoys a rich economy, due to its prosperous oil-based reserves. As the country is an absolute monarchy, government intervention is present in most of the major activities and functions of the economy. The petroleum sector alone accounts for around 45 percent of the budgetary revenues, 55 percent in contribution to the Gross Domestic Product and most importantly 90 percent to the exports of the country (8). Saudi economy was an agrarian economy that was based on agriculture before the discovery of oil in the 1930s. One of the most prominent economic acceleration came from the 1973 oil crisis, from which Saudi Arabia gained benefit in its economic growth as the GDP per capita increased by 1858%. (4, 8) ISLAMIC BANKING SECTOR AND ITS GROWTH: The Islamic banking sector in the Saudi Arabia is supervised and governed by Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) (4,8). SAMA is an independently established and operated governmental agency that is directly subject to the orders and instructions passed by the Council of Ministers. The Ministry of Finance and National Economy is in charge for matters pertaining to SAMA. (4,8) The growth of the Islamic banking sector can be divulged from the fact that Saudi Arabian banking sector is currently the largest, when measured in terms of assets. The Al- Rajhi Banking and Investment Corporation is considered the largest Islamic Bank in the world (2,4). Currently there are 15 banks operating in the country, out of which 3 are foreign banks that have played their respective role in the growth of the banking industry in Saudi Arabia. They arethe Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan Chase and BNP Paribas. (2,7,9) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL BANKING AND ISLAMIC BANKING: In conventional banking, money is treated like a commodity that can be sold at a price higher than its face value. However, in Islamic banking money retains its position at store value and a medium of exchange only that cannot be sold at a higher price. Also, in conventional banking, interest is charged on the time value of capital whereas in Islamic banking profit is earned through trade of goods and services. Moreover, in conventional banking, interest is charged even when the party suffers losses. This doesn’t depict the profit and loss sharing arrangement (9, 11). In Islamic banking, in case of losses suffered, the bank will share the losses depending on the financial instrument used. Under the system of conventional banking, no agreement is made to allow for the exchange of services when dealing with the disbursement of cash finance, working capital finance or running finance. On the contrary, while disbursing cash finances under Islamic banking system, agreements regarding the exchange of goods and services must be made and followed through. While using money as a commodity, conventional banking system can lead to inflation whereas the Islamic banking contributes to the development of the economy by linking the sectors of the economy to trade activities and thus creating a link with the real assets as well. (7, 10) COMPARING TABLE: Works Cited Choudhury, M.A. Venture capital in Islam: a critical examination. Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 28:1,2011 Lewis, Mervyn, and Latifa M. Algaoud. Islamic Banking. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Print, 2001. Ghannadian, Farhad F., and Gautam Goswami. Developing Economy Banking: The Case of Islamic Banks. International Journal of Social Economics 31.8: 740-52. Print. 2004 Binladen, Abdullah M. Western Banking Practices and Shari’a Law in Saudi Arabia a Thesis. 1992. Bintawin, Samar. Performance Analysis of Islamic Banking: Some Evidence from Saudi Arabian Banking. Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 29:5, 2011. Muzaffar, Islam. Growth and Development of Islamic Banking. 2002. MAbid Ali Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal. Islamic Banking: Answers To Some Frequently Asked Questions. Islamic Development Bank, Islamic Research And Training Institute, Occasional Paper No.4, 1422h, 2001 Saudia Arabia Banking Sector. Global Research. 2006. International Association of Islamic Banks. Report, Cairo, Egypt: IAIB. 1998 Islahi, AbdulAzim. Hennie Van Greuning and Zamir Iqbal Risk Analysis for Islamic Banks. The World Bank, Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics 22.1: 197-204, 2009. Chachi, Abdelkader. â€Å"Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux Thirty Years Oflslomic Banking: History, Performance and Prospects.† Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics 19.1: 39-41, 2006. How to cite Islamic Banking In Saudi Arabia, Essay examples

Ny Giants free essay sample

The New York Giants are a professional football team, located in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Giants have been around since 1925, and have become a well-known organization and one that other teams look to emulate. The Giants play their home games at MetLife Stadium which was just built in 2010. The Giants are a part of my life, everyday conversation, looking up breaking news, who they are interested in taking in this year’s draft. It’s something I can share with my Dad, a fellow Giants fan, and many of my close friends. This team keeps us talking for hours as if we were on the field or in the locker room with them. There’s nothing better than waiting around all week to watch this team play on Sunday’s. History 1925-1932 The New York Giants came into the league in 1925; the team was purchased by owner Tim Mara for 0. In the first season as being a professional football team the Giants ended up with an 8-4 record. In both 1929 and 1930 the Giants lost in the title game to the Green Bay Packers. In 1930 Tim Mara who had purchased the team gave up ownership to his two sons Wellington and Jack Mara. In that same year many believed that college athletes played with more intensity and passion than professional players. The New York Giants played a team of Notre Dame All-Stars. The Game was played at the Polo Grounds, in hopes of raising money for New Yorks unemployed. The Giants ran away with the game, not even letting up a single point to Notre Dame. Many believe that this was a game that proved the legitimacy of the professional game. 1933-1956 The Giants would win their first ever NFL title in 1934 where they defeated the Chicago Bears by a score of 30-13. This game is one that will always be remembered and is better known by the â€Å"Sneaker Game. The Giants were trailing going into halftime 13-3, during half time many of the Giants changed out of their cleats and played the second half in sneakers because the field was so icy. The Giants gained traction by wearing the sneakers and went on to win the game. From 1933-1946 the Giants played in eight NFL titles games winning two of them. In 1941 with the bombing of Pearl Harbor many football players joined the service and lost their lives. The NFL struggled as did the Giants; there was some hope in 1952 when the Giants selected Frank Gifford with the number one overall pick in the NFL draft. The picture to the left is of Al Blozis of the Giants who died during World War II. ) 1956-1978 The Giants won the 1956 NFL Championship that had a team and coaching staff of people who would be inducted into the National Football Hall of Fame. During the 1956 season the Giants also found a new home stadium, they played their home games at Yankee Stadium moving from the Polo Grounds. From 1958-1963, the Giants made the Championship game five times. Unfortunately, they had nothing to show for this as they lost all five Championship games. From 1964-1978 the Giants recorded only two seasons with winning records and had zero playoff appearances. In 1976 the Giants moved to their own stadium, the Meadowlands, in East Rutherford, New Jersey. In 1978 the Giants played one of their most hated rivals, the Philadelphia Eagles. The Giants had the lead with seconds left and instead of kneeling and the game being over, the Giants decided to run the ball. The ball was fumbled and return by the Eagles for a touchdown and a win, this game is known as â€Å"The Miracle in the Meadowlands. † 1979-1993 In 1979 the Giants began rebuilding their team back into contenders. They drafted quarterback Phil Simms in 1979, and in 1981 drafted linebacker Lawrence Taylor. In 1981, Taylor won the Defensive Rookie of the Year Award and the Defensive Player of the Year Award. In 1986 the Giants had a 14-2 regular season record and were led by Phil Simms and the league MVP and Defensive Player of the Year Lawrence Taylor. This was a special season that ended with a Superbowl win. In 1990 the team won its second Superbowl over the Buffalo Bills 20-19, led by Taylor and Simms once again. In 1993, both Taylor and Simms retired and members of the New York Giants. 994-Present In 2000 the Giants reached the Superbowl again for a third time to face the Baltimore Ravens. The Giants got a beating in this game and lost 34-7. In 2004 the Giants introduced new head coach Tom Coughlin. They also traded up in that year’s draft to the number four spot. They selected quarterback Philip Rivers, and in a blockbuster trade were able to get Eli Manning from the San Diego Chargers who was the number one overall pick. In 2007 the Giants went on a magical playoff run where they ended up in the Superbowl against the heavily favored undefeated New England Patriots. The Giants won 17-14 in one of the greatest Superbowl upsets. . This past season the 2011-2012 season was a roller coaster ride that had so many ups and downs, but ended with every fans dream, a Superbowl victory. That being said, buckle up, and get ready to relive the Giants Superbowl run. New York Giants 2011-2012 Season Ever since Tom Coughlin became the coach of the New York Giants they have always started off the season with a great record. Every fan is so happy that this could be a Superbowl year. Once the second half of the season starts the Giants begin to stumble and lose games to teams that should be beat. This season was no different and had me on the edge of my seat all season long, bad losses, close games, and must win games. It was a memorable year that I will tell my kids and grandkids about. Before the season started the Giants had lost some key players. Eli Manning loved throwing the ball to Steve Smith and Kevin Boss, both left to go to different teams. This left the door open for Victor Cruz and Jake Ballard to emerge as stars. Through the first nine weeks of the season the Giants were sitting pretty with a 6-2 record. The Giants were on a roll, but in the back of every fans mind was their play during the second half of the season. Everyone believed it couldn’t happen, again. As Giants fans all over sat down hoping to avoid a second half collapse the Giants lost the next four games they played, bringing their record to 6-6. With their backs against the walls, there was still hope. They could still win their division. The following game they beat the Dallas Cowboys, another heated rival of the Giants, only to lose the following week to the lowly Washington Redskins. With two games remaining in the regular season the Giants had to win both games to win their division and secure a playoff spot. They had to play the New York Jets and the Dallas Cowboys again. The previous two years the Jets had made it to back to back AFC Championship games, one game away from heading to the Superbowl. They lost both games but they were talking as if they owned New York. Jets Coach Rex Ryan and his players started talking about how it was their town now; the Giants didn’t do much talking the week leading up to the game. The Giants beat the Jets, and personally I don’t know what I would have done if they lost that game. This left them with one game to win and move on to the playoffs, a showdown against a heated rival in the Dallas Cowboys. In this do or die game against the Dallas Cowboys the Giants looked as if they were ready to make a Superbowl push. They came out and dominated every facet of the game, their defense was clicking on all cylinders and the offense moved down the field every possession. The Giants dominated the Cowboys by a score of 31-14. They had won the NFC East division and were on their way to the playoffs where they would go on a magical run. This team was battle tested, facing two must win games, essentially playoff games. Their first round opponent was the Atlanta Falcons.

Year of Wonders Essay Essay Example

Year of Wonders Essay Paper Background of the novel: 1. William Shakespeare wrote most of his known dramas between 1589 and 1613. and died in 1616.2. Elizabeth I was succeeded by James VI of Scotland ( going James I of Great Britain upon his crowning ) . in 1603.3. Between the old ages of 1649 and 1660. during the English Civil War. England had no sovereign ; alternatively. the state was temporarily ruled by Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell as a military/parliament. 4. In seventeenth Century England. many people believed that enchantresss were abound and were the cause of a assortment of otherwise difficult-to-explain behavior amongst people ; if a individual were found guilty of witchery. they were sentenced to decease by hanging. We will write a custom essay sample on Year of Wonders Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Year of Wonders Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Year of Wonders Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 5. Puritans were those of a peculiar division of the Christian religion. differing notably from other subdivisions in largely their positions on morality. which they believed to be improbably of import – and pursued down to the finest degree of item – and the construction and mode of their worship ( eschewing the intervention of outside beginnings. such as swayers of the land. into faith. and non seeking felicity by normal agencies. taking it alternatively from their belief that they were moving harmonizing to God’s will ) . 6. ( I couldn’t reply the first portion of this inquiry. as after seeing multiple versions of the book’s screen at that place seems to be no repeating phrase to see as a ‘subtitle’. ) Historical Fiction: 1. While some people may keep the outlook that historical fiction would be based on facts and research. painting a realistic image of its scene. I would state that such an premise is non. or at least should non be. normally present ; historical fiction is labelled as ‘fiction’ for a ground. and as such is grounded excessively much in alternate world. taking excessively much to supply amusement instead than information. to be considered an accurate. researched portraiture of its scene. Of class. there are exclusions – Year of Wonders. in portion. being one – but even that does non supply a realistic adequate image of its clip and topographic point to do the outgrowth of such an outlook of factual proviso going platitude in the genre seem a good thought. 2. I believe that an author’s ability to determine their stuff into an effectual and prosecuting narrative holds a higher place of importance than their willingness to adhere to historically accurate happenings ; if the writer aims to steep their audience in the narrative. so every other facet of the book is secondary to that end. In the same manner as one would be unwise to try to compose a good book about a purposefully deadening premiss or character. there is small point in keeping historical truth if such care detracts from the amusement of the piece. Even if the purpose is non amusement. but instead the conveyance of a peculiar subject. the same logical thinking applies – there is small to no ground in keeping historical truth if the subjects being presented could be done so far more efficaciously without such truth. 3. Although it is evidently of import in any medium to avoid anachronic happenings that could take away from the narrative. I do non hold that the ‘anachronisms’ in Year of Wonders could be classified as such. in that they do non look to be genuinely anachronic at all. By this. I mean that the attitudes of the chief characters do non look incredible. even sing the book’s puting. as any epoch will ever hold those who think otherwise – so. if non for this. this outgrowth of persons traveling against the position quo who may obtain the rare opportunity to act upon others. mankind’s common values would neer hold changed since its origin. Each of the characters in inquiry seems to hold been written with adequate account of their ain values and attitudes that they are justified. even within the context. While these fortunes are surely unlikely. they are non impossible. and trying to name those two things one and the same is kindred to labelling twenty-four hours the same as dark by the mere fact that they lie following to each other in the rhythm of clip. Reading the Novel: 1. It would look that the ground for which Geraldine Brooks gave the name Year of Wonders to her novel is that. despite the annihilating effects of the pestilence on Anna’s life. there genuinely were ‘wonders’ that happened for. and about. her in that twelvemonth. She grew closer than she of all time may hold expected to a good friend ; she salvaged many an guiltless life with her ( albeit shaky at first ) willingness in being a accoucheuse. which finally led to her happening what she believed her true naming ; she witnessed her town’s sacrificial act of goodness. saving guiltless bystanders from sharing in Eyam’s wretched destiny ; and. finally. she managed to happen felicity. emerging from that most seeking twelvemonth scathed but still really much alive. re-starting her life anew and settling down with two healthy. happy kids to name her ain. 2. Here is a list of my initial feelings of the characters in Year of Wonders: * Anna – A miss whose artlessness was taken from her by that which she has experienced. looking embittered and disillusioned with the universe around her but standing as a strong pillar of kindness in malice of that. To those familiar with the nomenclature – for I can believe of no better term for Anna’s character – she seems at first ( and throughout the narrative ) to be a ‘Mary Sue’ . * Michael – A once-great adult male driven into an about catatonic province by the events of the pestilence. * Elizabeth – An unpleasant adult female. spoilt to the point of unbelievable greed and selfishness by the fortunes of her upbringing. * Jamie – A kid like any other. energetic and speculative. * George – Good and kindhearted. to the degree that these qualities become leery. * Jane – A priggish and serious immature miss. seting her spiritual positions above all else in her life to a possibly obsessional extent. * Sam – Dull. yet sort ; a simple adult male. content with his life. * Tom – A typical babe ; along with Jamie. he is the topic of his mother’s devotedness and love. and much of her ground for life now that Sam is dead. * Elinor – Kind and carefree. yet brooding and devoted ; Anna’s image of flawlessness. * Mem – A adult female weathered by the universe. demoing built-in goodness behind a more crabbed outside as she remains to be given to a small town of people who think none excessively extremely of her. * Anys – A immature miss demoing the same Weltschmerz. disposition and consciousness as her aunt. though whose morality is possibly more tarred due to her selfishness. her bluntness and her neglect for typical values. * Stanley –Similarly to Jane. a individual who treats worship and morality as being about synonymous with life itself. * Aphra – Self-absorbed to the extreme and paranoid towards any outside forces in her l ife. * Lib – A representation of a typical miss of the Middle Ages. functioning as a foil to Anna’s more progressive character. * Colonel Bradford – A selfish. ill-mannered adult male. holding grown accustomed to mistreating the power granted to him. * Miss Bradford – A typical rich adult female of the times. sing her wealth as a item of high quality. * Robert – A roving immature adult male of high-toned birth. seeking simple amusement after go forthing his place town of London. * Mary – An everyday adult female on face degree. desiring merely a field and happy life. * Surgeon ( s ) – [ Grouped together because they are of identical dispositions ] Fearful work forces. seeking non genuinely to assistance others at critical points but instead to derive a stock of money from their work and remain in safety themselves. * The Sexton – A hard-working old adult male. seeking simply to make his responsibility in a most hard clip. * Brad â₠¬â€œ Though non peculiarly evil. a superstitious. desperate and stupid adult male. * Faith – Much the same as her male parent. Brad.* Urith – The same as Brad.* Martin – Same as above.* Maggie – A hard-working. honest peasant adult female.* Jenny – Same as above. * Brand – A cautious adult male. but one who has goodness within him. * Jakob – Kind and suiting. despite his hard batch in life. * Josiah – A cruel and angry adult male non afraid to utilize his strength to acquire his ain manner ; like his married woman Aphra. he seems to reject anything other than the construct of ego. * Sally – An wholly guiltless victim. her decease looking representative of that which makes the villagers start to abandon their religion. * Kate – Another desperate. simple peasant adult female. seeking safety but throwing off ground in an effort to make it. * Merry – Like Sally. Merry is a below the belt victimised kid. but unlike her. Merry appears to stand for hope and strength. * Alun – A gruff adult male. set in his ways. but with a good sense of right and incorrect. * Randoll – A simple villager with a good bosom. * Henry – Another field villager. of a gruff and unpleasant disposition himself. but angered back into caring about morality by Josiah’s actions. * Lottie and Tom – Desperate parents who have suspended their incredulity of the supernatural in a vain effort to protect their kid. * John – A adult male whose already-fragile head snapped from the fright and heartache of the pestilence. spurring him to reckless action. * Urith – Meek ; locked up in concealing due more to fear of her hubby than of the pestilence. * James – A saddening old figure. his religion tested by his continued endurance while more meaningful lives pass off in forepart of his eyes. * Mrs. Bradford – A fearful adult female. whose subservience to her hubby is so great as to excel her attention for her child’s life. * The Innkeeper – An honest. fair-minded adult male with a good sense of justness. * Ahmed – Refined. sort and accepting. 3. Brooks’ descriptions of the small town and countryside are used to make suspense by portraying the alteration from a normal. absolutely functional town to a broken wreck ; references of laughter. of playful kids and of the sounds of work. are replaced by a fateful silence. while the town itself becomes overgrown and filled with decay. The ground that these scenes – scenes of a once-lively town reduced to an image of decease – create suspense is that. no affair where the characters focus. they will be presented by a reminder of the ruins around them. demoing them merely how close they are to that destiny themselves. 4. The positions developed by Brooks throughout the narrative seem to unite into one chief subject – a willingness to oppugn the position quo. to demo that the current province of things may non ever be for the best. This is shown through category divides ( oppugning whether the affluent genuinely deserve their privileged position. as evidenced by the selfishness of the Bradfords ) . comparative gender equality for the times ( as both work forces and adult females play a important function in halting the terminal state of affairs from being even worse ; if. as was typical of the times. merely the work forces had been allowed to make up ones mind on issues – and. for illustration. Anna and Elinor had non been able to take to move as accoucheuses – the decease toll may good hold been higher ) . and the firm finding to comprehend the pestilence as a spiritual happening instead than a natural one ( which. by concentrating eyes in the incorrect way. probably caused th e loss of many lives ; if the true ground for the pestilence had been discovered earlier. more effectual countermeasures could hold been taken ) . This general subject. and its constituents. reflects modern-day attitudes instead accurately – recent society has surely become more unfastened to altering the position quo. and such things as gender equality and decreased outlooks of faith seem to hold worked instead good in altering society for the better. 5. Contrast between characters can be seen between multiple braces in Year of Wonders. Anna seems to hold four chief contrasting characters. each of a different sort – foremost. she and Aphra are contrasted in their desires. with Anna’s being mostly for the well-being of other people while her stepmother’s are selfish. Michael Mompellion could be considered the 2nd contrast to Anna. as he is an ab initio strong adult male weakened by his tests and losingss while Anna’s seem to function merely to beef up her resoluteness in the terminal. Anys is the contrast to Anna’s 3rd specifying characteristic ; while Anna is a instead traditional miss despite her single ways. and hides much of her true ego and her sentiments inside. Anys’ positions would non look wholly common in our twenty-four hours. and she has small reserve about talking her head bluffly. Finally. Anna’s state of affairs – that of a strong. surpassing adult female. hidden behind the mask of a cautious. commonplace miss – is opposite to that of Elinor. who appears in Anna’s eyes to be a near-flawless adult female radiating energy but is internally scarred and in convulsion. Elinor. with her changeless kindness and equal intervention despite her high-toned household background. has another contrasting character of her ain in Elizabeth. the rich girl of the William bradfords who abuses her power and thinks merely of her ain desires. One more outstanding contrast is between Colonel Bradford and Michael – while both being intelligent work forces. the Colonel seeks to use this intelligence merely to protect himself. whereas Michael aims to help those around him. The Structure of the Novel: 1. It seems that flashback has been used here for a battalion of grounds ; it allows for a more direct before-and-after contrast to demo the development of her character throughout the twelvemonth ( by virtuousness of snarling from one to the other ; in a gradual build-up. the alterations would be less noticeable ) . it reveals the inevitable terminal of the narrative so as to put an accent on the book’s characters and puting instead than its plot’s branchings. and it creates a sense of wonder as to merely how events transpired within the focused-upon twelvemonth to make such alteration as can be seen. 2. While get downing with a flashback is. as antecedently explained. effectual in puting up a assortment of waies to put the foundation for stating a narrative. it is non a solve-all solution for storytelling ; some facets of the narrative can non be satisfactorily fleshed out without the reader holding some pre-established cognition of the characters. puting and such things. and so I imagine that is for this ground that Brooks decided to revisit this clip. 3. While I am non certain on this fact. it would look that the in-between 13 chapters of the narrative were so narrated in chronological order ; if this is non the instance. so I would possibly state that the signposting to demo this mistiming was deficient. Leaf-fall. 1666: Apple-picking Time: 1. Key character interactions and citations in this gap chapter are: * Anna’s devotedness to the deteriorated Michael Mompellion. bestiring wonder as to what led to the state of affairs. * Michael’s heartache and resentment over the loss of Elinor. * The cold. vindictive attitude held towards Elizabeth as a member of the Bradfords. * The reference that Josiah ‘loved the pot more than his children’ . * Elizabeth being ‘sour-faced and spoiled’ . * ‘His manus is on the bible. but he neer opens it’ – Michael’s spiritual wonts contrasting with his tattered religion. * Anna’s motivations in caring for Michael. demoing her devotion of Elinor: ‘I do it for her. I tell myself I do it for her. Why else would I make it. after all? ’ * Michael’s cold narration of a transition from the Bible. demoing farther his heartache from the loss of Elinor and his feeling of treachery from God: ‘Your married woman will be like a fruitful vine within your house ; your kids will be like olive shoots around your table†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2. I think that Brooks chose to utilize first-person narrative because it would look that the narrative she seeks to state is chiefly one of a individual girl’s character development ; while third-person authorship allows for a greater range of focal point on multiple characters or a wider narrative. the first-person position tends to let the author to more accurately portray the nuanced ideas of an person. and so it seems more adjustment for this intent. Another possible ground is that this subjective first-person narrative. shown through the imagined eyes of Anna Frith. paints the emotions and feel of the puting better than a first-person narration may pull off to easy make. 3. Archaic and dialect words contribute to the narrative by making a more realistic scene ; in a similar manner to the aforesaid illustration of mistiming ( an antediluvian Roman have oning a ticker ) . the story’s sense of pragmatism would be broken if the occupants of a little. seventeenth century British town were to talk merely as we do today. 4. Aside from the stated phrases. noteworthy marks of decay. loss and disenchantment in this chapter are: * ‘The courtyard hadn’t been swept in a sennight. It smelled of decomposing straw and Equus caballus urine. ’ * ‘If there’s one thing I couldn’t stand any longer. it’s the aroma of a decomposition apple. ’ * ‘†¦sometimes I feel that I’m be givening merely another in that long emanation of dead. ’ * ‘My neighbours’ bungalow was empty. the Hedera helix already crawling across the Windowss and the Grey lichens crusting the Sillss. ’ * ‘ [ Nature ] has taken less than a twelvemonth to get down to repossess its topographic point. ’ 5. Some illustrations of analogues between the physical devastation of the garden and the religious devastation of Michael are: * The thought that Elinor would be regretful to see what had become of her garden ; merely as it has been dirtied with weeds. so excessively has Michael’s spirit been corrupted by his choler and heartache. and Elinor would be most saddened to see what had become of this once-strong adult male. * In relation to the old point. Anna comments. ‘I expect she would understand why it is so’ . * Anna besides comments on how cipher could truly reconstruct Elinor’s garden back to its former glorification. pulling comparings to how – no affair what attempts Anna or any others may do in bettering Michael’s province of depression – they could neer be given to him with the same accomplishment as his married woman could hold ; he could neer return to being the steadfast bastion of strength that he was when he stood with Elino r’s support. 6. It does non. to me. seem that Anna’s comparative stableness in the face of Michael’s mental prostration indicates a message of feminist resiliency ; regardless of Brooks’ purpose. the two merely seem to be different people. defined in this facet by their characters instead than their genders. This position is supported by Aphra’s autumn into perverse insanity. which surely contained no message of adult females being inherently strong. 7. Examples of the complexnesss of Anna’s character shown in this chapter are: * Her prioritising of compassion above tradition – ‘A retainer has no right to remain. one time she’s dismissed. But I did stay†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ( Page 4 ) * Her hesitancy to allow any life be in demand. unhappiness or danger – be givening to the Equus caballus ( ‘I kept chattering. quietly. as I used to with the kids when they were scared or hurt. ’ ( Page 5 ) ) . non desiring to draw out the works ( ‘like me. so brimming of terminations that they can non bear to twist even a scrawny sapling from its tenuous clasp on life. ’ ( Page 12 ) ) .